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Fill Deterioration/Blockage — Reduced Heat Exchange Efficiency

Likely causes

Scale (CaCO₃/CaSO₄) deposition narrowing fill flow channels

Check: Visually inspect fill — check scale thickness ≥5 mm, deformation or detachment

What to do: High-pressure wash (15 bar, 45°C) → 10% HCl or citric acid 4 h → flow test (replace if <80% of pre-clean)

Algae/slime growth coating fill surface — blocking air/water contact

Check: Check for green/brown discoloration and slime; measure residual chlorine (<0.1 ppm = untreated)

What to do: Circulate chlorine disinfectant (2–5 ppm effective chlorine) 24 h → high-pressure wash → maintain 0.3–0.5 ppm residual

PVC fill warping/cracking/detachment from prolonged UV/heat exposure

Check: Visually check for physical deformation or detachment; plan preventive replacement at 10–15 years service life

What to do: Immediately replace deformed/detached modules → install same-spec PVC pads → maintain pH 7.0–7.5 to suppress recurrence

Field tip

Scale 3 mm = ~20% more heat transfer resistance. Annual cleaning more than doubles fill service life.

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